China’s manufacturing activity surged in May, growing at the fastest rate in nearly two years, driven by production increases and new orders, particularly among smaller firms, according to the Caixin/S&P Global PMI, which rose to 51.7. Despite this positive outlook for the second quarter, global risks persist. China’s efforts to boost infrastructure and high-tech manufacturing to counter weak domestic demand and a prolonged property crisis have yet to fully impact businesses and workers. This optimistic private sector PMI contrasts with an official survey showing a decline in manufacturing activity.